Microbial Profiles in Periodontal Disease: Integrating Laboratory Diagnostics with Clinical Management

Authors: Basmah A. Alamri, Shahad H. Almaqary, Mada A. Alanizi, Saleh R. AL-Zahrani, Saud D Almalki

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14013106

Short DOI: https://doi.org/g8pqsb

Country: Saudi Arabia

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Abstract: Background: Periodontal disease is a complex inflammatory condition driven by dysbiosis of the oral microbiota. Understanding the microbial profiles associated with different stages of the disease can aid in improving diagnosis and treatment strategies.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the microbial composition of subgingival plaque in patients with varying severities of periodontal disease, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and next-generation sequencing (NGS), and to explore the correlation between microbial profiles and clinical parameters.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 patients in a tertiary hospital. Patients were grouped into healthy/gingivitis, moderate periodontitis, and severe periodontitis categories based on clinical assessments. Subgingival plaque samples were analyzed using PCR for key periodontal pathogens and NGS to assess broader microbial diversity. The relationship between microbial profiles and disease severity was evaluated.

Results: The abundance of "red complex" bacteria (Porphyromonasgingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola) increased with disease severity and was significantly correlated with probing depth and clinical attachment loss (p < 0.01). NGS revealed a shift from a diverse microbial community in health to a pathogen-dominated profile in periodontitis. Alpha diversity was lower in severe periodontitis patients, indicating a loss of microbial diversity with disease progression.

Conclusion: The study confirms the association between pathogenic bacterial profiles and periodontal disease severity, suggesting that microbial profiling could serve as a useful tool for personalized periodontal treatment. Further research is needed to integrate these diagnostic techniques into routine clinical practice.

Keywords: Periodontal Disease, Microbial Profiles, Oral Microbiota, PCR, Next-Generation Sequencing, Red Complex, Subgingival Plaque

Paper Id: 231446

Published On: 2019-01-08

Published In: Volume 7, Issue 1, January-February 2019

Cite This: Microbial Profiles in Periodontal Disease: Integrating Laboratory Diagnostics with Clinical Management - Basmah A. Alamri, Shahad H. Almaqary, Mada A. Alanizi, Saleh R. AL-Zahrani, Saud D Almalki - IJIRMPS Volume 7, Issue 1, January-February 2019. DOI 10.5281/zenodo.14013106

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